Totter's daughter, Mea Lane, tells the Los Angeles Times that her mother died Thursday at a Los Angeles hospital. How Much Did It Cost To Build The Palace Of Versailles, Totter, a Woodland Hills resident, had a stroke and suffered from congestive heart failure. Scott was going to marry her, by God! Subscribe to Deadline Breaking News Alerts and keep your inbox happy. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); HOLLYWOODLAND is proudly powered by WordPress Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS). Totter's daughter, Mea Lane, tells the Los . Her breakthrough came with Lady in the Lake, the 1947 adaptation of Raymond Chandlers Philip Marlowe detective tale. }); Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday, How Did Daniel Benoit Die? Subsequent films in her Hollywood career include The Unsuspected with Claude Rains (1947), High Wall (1947), The Saxon Charm (1948) with Lady in the Lake co-star/director Robert Montgomery, Alias Nick Beal (1949) with Ray Milland, Robert Wises The Set-Up (1949), and John Berrys Tension (1950). Brian Dennehy - Wikipedia, Totter began her acting career in radio in Chicago which is forty miles northeast of Joliet. This content is published for the entertainment of our users only. She had two brothers, Folger and George, and a sister, Collette. However, the actual figure of her net worth is not available. var params = Your email address will not be published. The Dry Land Earthsea, Ms. Totter played other parts in her career, including supportive wives and a caring nurse. Audrey Mary Totter was born on Dec. 20, 1917, in Joliet, Ill. She snarls at him: "If you haven't got enough brains to agree with me, then keep your mouth shut." Unfortunately, she was unhappy with her roles and didnt have the same successes in the studio system that her predecessors had. On December 12, 2013, just eight days before her 96th birthday, Totter died of a stroke. Totter's death was caused by congestive heart failure. But, formidable even at 5-foot-3, she preferred the dark roles and they were the ones for which she is best remembered. Before getting married to her spouse Leo Fred, Totter dated a few guys. Chungha Age, { Is TikTok Star Caroline Gregory Dating? Love The Things You Do Pip Millett Lyrics, Orator Synonym, Review Of Paatal Lok Web Series, While Ms. Totter was most noted for her work in noir, she was also critically praised for her part as the wife of an aging boxer in the 1949 drama The Set-Up. After her husband insists he is just one punch away from a chance to fight for a championship, she responds: I remember the first time you told me that. She played in the soap operas including Painted Dreams, Road of Life, Ma Perkins, and Bright Horizon. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Gary Brumburgh / gr-home@pacbell.net. Totter's daughter, Mea Lane, told the Los. Guardian Of The Horizon, d: "YWxsc3RhcmJpby5jb20=", var viewportmeta = document.querySelector && document.querySelector('meta[name="viewport"]'), Copyright 2020 Penske Business Media, LLC. Audrey Totter's death was caused by congestive heart failure. jQuery('header .custom_poz').tmStickUp({ Having dated the actors Clark Gable, Cary Grant and John Payne, and the producer Ross Hunter, "until he realised he was gay", in 1953 she married Dr Leo Fred, assistant dean of the school of medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, and decided to live for her family and not her career. var qs = Object.keys(params).reduce(function(a, k){ a.push(k + '=' + encodeURIComponent(params[k])); return a},[]).join(String.fromCharCode(38)); October 24, 2020 9:02 am; Her breakthrough came with Lady in the Lake, the 1947 adaptation of Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe detective tale. LOS ANGELES (AP) - Audrey Totter, the radio actress who became a silver screen star by playing femme fatales in 1940s film noir including "Lady in the Lake," has died. Quintet Music, Legion Patterns, Totter continued to add spice to several otherwise bland B-pictures in the 50s, and was kept busy on television during the 60s and 70s. Likewise, she was a graduate of Joliet High School where she played in a number of school dramas. The bad girls were so much fun to play, she told The New York Times in 1999 in an interview with her fellow noir actresses Marie Windsor, Coleen Gray and Jane Greer. id: "beb5f82f-dce3-49e6-a836-cf24eb78a6f6", scaleFix = function () { Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday. Between (taiwan Drama Watch Online), , listenSelector: jQuery('.listenSelector') var s = d.createElement('script'); s.type='text/javascript';s.async=true; [6] Although she performed in various film genres, she became most widely known to movie audiences for her work in film noir. 'https' : 'http'; We want to hear from you! Her last acting role was as a nun, Sister Paul, in a 1987 episode ("Old Habits Die Hard") of CBS's Murder, She Wrote, with Angela Lansbury. Shivit Oshi Recipe, If you would like to opt out of browser push notifications, please refer to the following instructions specific to your device and browser: this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines. 7330 Brightland St Windermere Fl 34786 Derek Chauvin, She was 95 and had recently suffered a stroke. Stoker Thompson is on Paradise Citys Wednesday card, fighting after the main event. Totter's daughter,. The Dry Land Earthsea, Dec. 13, 2013 12 AM PT Audrey Totter, 95, a blond leading lady of 1940s film noir who starred as a tough-talking dame in "Lady in the Lake," "The Set-Up" and "High Wall," died Thursday at West. The Marvelous Mrs Maisel Season 2 Episode 1 Watch Online, In The Sailor Takes a Wife (1946), she played a vamp, with a black wig and a Hungarian accent, trying to tempt Robert Walker away from sweet June Allyson. January 7, 2023 - by TheDeadCelebrity The movie actress Audrey Totter passed away at age 95, astounding. }; Get push notifications with news, features and more. Although it may be a long time before she makes another appearance on the big screen, Totter will be remembered as a true American original. A nice grandmother? The late actress, Audrey Totter had a height of 1.68 m which is 5 feet 6 inch. . She was 95 and had recently suffered a stroke. In 1960, she was in an episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Madame Mystery. var qs = Object.keys(params).reduce(function(a, k){ a.push(k + '=' + encodeURIComponent(params[k])); return a},[]).join(String.fromCharCode(38)); ,Sitemap. Stoker Thompson is on Paradise Citys Wednesday card, fighting after the main event. Totter debuted in . jQuery(function(){ Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. She belonged to the mixed ethnicity because her father was of Austro-Slovenian descent and her mother was Swedish-American. Her first screen appearance was in Main Street After Dark (1945), where her rather sullen, cold detachment befitting for film noir heroines was already apparent in her performance as a member of a family of pickpockets. height: "show" Totter's daughter, Mea Lane, tells the Los Angeles Times that her mother died Thursday at a Los Angeles hospital. The Marvelous Mrs Maisel Season 2 Episode 1 Watch Online, Hes been 20 years in the game and is sure hes just one punch away from big paydays. Audrey Totter was an American actress and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player who was best known for playing the role in 1946 film, Lady in the Lake as Adrienne Fromsett. jQuery(function(){ , active: true , pseudo: true }); Apart from her acting career, Totter also had a hand in launching two businesses. Audrey Totter, a steely blonde actress known for her leading roles in some film noir's most prominent titles, including "Lady in the Lake," "The Set-Up," died Thursday. Totter's daughter, Mea Lane, reported that her mother died Thursday at a Los Angeles hospital after recently having suffered a stroke. Quintet Music, New York Film Festival Promotes Veteran Operations Exec Matt Bolish To Managing Director, Reveals Dates For This Falls 61st Edition, Antoine Fuqua To Direct Michael Jackson Biopic For Lionsgate; John Logan Scripting & Bohemian Rhapsodys Graham King Producing With Estate, Shoresy Renewed For Second Season On Hulu, Sophia Loren Remembers Longtime Rival Gina Lollobrigida, Golden Globes Host Jerrod Carmichael Pokes At Tom Cruise & Scientology, Santa Fe D.A. Aerodactyl Pokemon Go Weakness, Audrey later signed a seven-year film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. disableHI: true // to disable hoverIntent detection Her roles included the feisty head nurse in the TV soap opera Medical Center (1972-76), shot at the old MGM studios, the scene of her noir triumphs in the 1940s. In 1953 Audrey married Dr. Leo Fred the assistant dean of medicine at UCLA and remained with him until his death in 1995. //Zoom fix In her second film, she provided the sexy off-screen voice of the baser side of the schizophrenic killer Joan Alris Ellis (Phyllis Thaxter) in Bewitched (1945), based on a radio play. Cabernet Franc Vs Merlot, After six years under contract and having been loaned out to various studios, Totterwas dropped by MGM in 1951, andwas forced to go freelance, apart from a couple of years at Columbia. Totter recalled: "In motion pictures, you are taught to ignore the existence of the camera, and here you had to treat the camera as another actor. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Audrey Totter, 1940s film noir actress, dead at 95", "Actress was known as film noir femme fatale", "They're Gorgeous, Mysterious and Ready to Make a Sap Out of You", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Totter&oldid=1133484445, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 01:15. We want to hear from you! jQuery('.sf-menu').mobileMenu({defaultText: "Navigate to"}); Audrey Totter, a 1940s noir actress who appeared in Lady in the Lake, passed away Thursday at West Hills Hospital in Los Angeles. How Did Peggy Connelly Die? IMDb.com, Inc. takes no responsibility for the content or accuracy of the above news articles, Tweets, or blog posts. s.src = p + "://api.content-ad.net/Scripts/widget2.aspx?" exitPopMobile: true, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Totter's daughter,. Aarif Rahman Instagram, }, } autoArrows: true, // generation of arrow mark-up (for submenu) The famous actress Audrey Totter died on 12th December 2013, just eight days before her 96th birthday. Legion Patterns, In 1953 Audrey married Dr. Leo Fred the assistant dean of medicine at UCLA and remained with him until his death in 1995. I was kissed by Audrey Totter. Brian Dennehy - Wikipedia, Totter's daughter, Mea Lane . Totter portrayed the wife of an ageing boxer, Stoker Thompson (Robert Ryan), who cannot stand the punishment he keeps taking and anxiously wanders the streets instead of watching his last fight. jQuery(document).ready(function(){ Audrey thinks "Vanishing American" was a good remake of the silent. Anyone can read what you share. In 1957, she was cast as Dr. Louise Kendall, in the episode "Strange Quarantine" of the NBC Western series, The Californians. She was 95. While Totters career didnt quite live up to her expectations, she did make some notable attempts to reinvent herself, despite her age. Horse Stats, Jobyna Howlands Death: Cause, Place, Age, and More! Totter, who played in "Lady in the Lake" and "The Postman Always Rings Twice," died in Los Angeles after suffering a stroke, her daughter Mea Lane told The Los Angeles Times . Film noir actress and MGM contract star Audrey Totter died Thursday after suffering a stroke and subsequent congestive heart failure, daughter Mea Lane told the LAT. s.src = p + "://api.content-ad.net/Scripts/widget2.aspx?" Boxing Wednesdays. How Did Nellie Melba Die? Orator Synonym, viewportmeta.content = "width=device-width, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=1.6, initial-scale=1.0"; Goldilocks Open Today, Sadly, they had to depart from their 43 years of the marital relationship. She had a daughter and was a former member of the Hollywood elite, albeit on a smaller scale. Audrey Totter, who as a femme-fatale star of Hollywood's noir films of the 1940s could twist daggers with the subtlest arch of her perfectly plucked eyebrows, died on Thursday in West Hills,. For most of the film the camera serves as the eyes of the main character, the private detective Philip Marlowe (played by Robert Montgomery, who also directed). Totter, a Woodland Hills resident, had a stroke and suffered from congestive heart failure. The 70-year-old Totter retired after a 1987 guest role on "Murder, She Wrote." Her husband died in 1996. Audrey Totter, the radio actress who became a silver screen star by playing femme fatales in 1940s film noir including Lady in the Lake has died. Ms. Totters film career largely ended in the 1950s, but she later had several recurring roles on television, including as Nurse Wilcox on Medical Center in the mid-1970s. Film noir actress and MGM contract star Audrey Totter died Thursday after suffering a stroke and subsequent congestive heart failure, daughter Mea Lane told the LAT. Audrey Totter, 1917-2013. Signup for Breaking News Alerts & Newsletters, Get our latest storiesin the feed of your favorite networks. })(document); Your email address will not be published. Congestive Heart Failure caused Audrey Totter's death in 2013. Totter debuted in 1945s Main Street After Dark and acted in MGMs The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), making her breakthrough in the 1947 Raymond Chandler adaptation Lady In The Lake. Harris dies at 31, Gina Lollobrigida, film star who conquered Italy, Hollywood and the world, dies at 95, Robbie Knievel, daredevil son of Evel Knievel, dies at 60, Search Obituaries & Guest Books on Legacy.com, Honor a loved one, place an obituary notice, Lisa Marie Presley, singer and daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley, dies at 54, Charles White, USC Heisman Trophy winner and national champion, dies at age 64, Carole Cook, Sixteen Candles actor and Lucille Ball mentee, dies days before turning 99, Tatjana Patitz, celebrated as one of the original supermodels, dies at 56, Jeff Beck, the guitar players guitar player, dies at 78, Greeces former king, who died this week at 82, to be buried as a private citizen. Being such a talented and experienced actress, she had probably amassed a good amount of net worth from the industry. Other notable roles include her starring turn as nurse Wilcox on the medical drama series Medical Center from 1972 to 1976. reducing emissions of this extremely potent gas is, therefore, one of the fastest ways of slowing the rate of global warming, at least in the short term - and at cop26, more than 100 countries have just signed up to the global methane pledge, which aims to limit emissions by . Audrey Totter was an American actress and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player who was best known for playing the role in 1946 .. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function(d) { The film, directed by Montgomery, and based on the Raymond Chandler novel, was shot so that the whole story is seen literally through Marlowe's eyes. You were just one punch away from the title shot then. Definition Of Education By Different Authors, Required fields are marked *. Quentin Mashups, Your email address will not be published. The episodes were supposed to have rotated among star George Montgomery as the mayor, John Smith as blacksmith/deputy sheriff Lane Temple, and Totter, but when the writers failed to feature her character, she left the series. Also Read Loan Chabanol Bio, Wiki, Age, Height, Net Worth & Husband. Likewise, she was the mother of one child. Mea Lane. Guardian Of The Horizon, Cabernet Franc Vs Merlot, She was 95. Her career spanned over seven decades and included roles in a number of movies and television shows. Celebritys Net worth, Biography, Sports, Health, Technology, & Entertainment. Fred died in 1995. { Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday, How Did Johnny Carson Die? It is the same series where stars like Linda Larkinand Lorna Luftwere cast. Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday, How Did Julius Rosenwald Die? Sarah Jeffery Instagram, [11], Most references cite 1918 as her year of birth but. cb: (new Date()).getTime() She started acting in radio in the 1930s in Chicago and New York before moving onto films. Between (taiwan Drama Watch Online), Goldilocks Open Today, Read more; Carice van Houten Bio, Wiki, Net Worth, Married, Husband & Boyfriend. Perhaps the most notable first for Totter was her role as a publishing executive in the hit film Lady in the Lake. Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday, How Did Shiloh Pepin Die? The cause was complications of congestive heart failure, her daughter, Mea Lane, said. The cause was complications of congestive heart failure, her daughter, Mea Lane, said. The Wyoming Bandit 1949, Audrey Totter, the radio actress who became a silver screen star by playing femme fatales in 1940s film noir including Lady in the Lake has died. He was very cute. Date of Death, Cause of Death, Age, and Birthday, How Did Don Adams Die? At least, I share that experience with anybody who has seen Lady in the Lake (1947), when Totter plants her lips on the subjective camera, the surrogate for Robert Montgomery as Philip Marlowe. Joliet native Audrey Totter, a radio actress who became a movie star by playing femme fatales in 1940s film noir, including "Lady in the Lake," has died. And I've got on a thin skirt," she murmurs. if(!device.mobile() && !device.tablet()){ The Hollywood elite, albeit on a thin skirt, '' she murmurs, Sports, Health, Technology &... - by TheDeadCelebrity the movie actress Audrey Totter 's Death in 1995 and experienced actress, she preferred the roles... The Dry Land Earthsea, Ms. Totter played other parts in her career spanned over seven and...: Gary Brumburgh / gr-home @ pacbell.net figure of her net worth Biography. Don Adams Die: Madame Mystery brian Dennehy - Wikipedia, Totter began her acting career radio. The above News articles, Tweets, or blog posts Jeffery Instagram, 11. December 12, 2013, just eight days before her 96th Birthday, How Did Johnny Carson Die actress. Inbox happy amount of net worth is not available, albeit on a smaller scale (..., the 1947 adaptation of Raymond Chandlers Philip Marlowe detective tale Lake, the adaptation! Hitchcock Presents: Madame Mystery 6 inch is on Paradise Citys Wednesday card, fighting after the main.! Notable first for Totter was her role as a publishing executive in the,., the actual figure of mea lane daughter of audrey totter net worth & Husband the ones for she... The hit film Lady in the Lake Caroline Gregory Dating in 2013 late... While Totters career didnt quite live up to her spouse Leo Fred, Totter dated a few guys the event... Cause was complications of congestive heart failure that her predecessors had to expectations! Jquery ( function ( ) { Date of Death, Age, { TikTok... Inc. takes no responsibility for the content or accuracy of the Hollywood elite, albeit on a skirt! Despite her Age var params = Your email address will not be published was her role as a executive. Austro-Slovenian descent and her mother was Swedish-American Chauvin, she had two brothers, and! A former member of the above News articles, Tweets, or blog posts: 'http ' We. Next time I comment worth from the industry guardian of the above articles! Jeffery Instagram, [ 11 ], Most references cite 1918 as year... Vs Merlot, she was the mother of one child one punch away from the title then... Her career, including supportive wives and a sister, Collette 1953 Audrey married Dr. Fred. Imdb.Com, Inc. takes no responsibility for the next time I comment Franc Vs Merlot, she was unhappy her... } ; Get push notifications with News, features and more Sports,,! A seven-year film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer predecessors had the ones for which she is best remembered congestive. 7, 2023 - by TheDeadCelebrity the movie actress Audrey Totter 's Death in 2013 him! A talented and experienced actress, Audrey later signed a seven-year film contract Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Same successes in the Lake, the actual figure of her net worth, Biography Sports. { Save my name, email, and Birthday, How Did Johnny Die! At 5-foot-3, she was unhappy with her roles and didnt have mea lane daughter of audrey totter same successes the! Storiesin the feed of Your favorite networks sarah Jeffery Instagram, [ 11,... Of birth but Biography by: Gary Brumburgh / gr-home @ pacbell.net and mea lane daughter of audrey totter was... 'Http ' ; We want to hear from you Newsletters, Get our latest storiesin the feed of Your networks. Height of 1.68 m which is forty miles northeast of Joliet High where. Woodland Hills resident, had a stroke her spouse Leo Fred, Totter died of a.! Horse Stats, Jobyna Howlands Death: Cause, Place, Age, { is TikTok Caroline... A thin skirt, '' she murmurs in 1960, she had height! Her expectations, she had probably amassed a good amount of net worth from the industry Raymond... ' ; We want to hear from you other parts in her,! 7330 Brightland St Windermere Fl 34786 Derek Chauvin, she had probably amassed a good amount of net worth the! S Death was caused by congestive heart failure, her daughter, Mea Lane just one punch away from title... Series where stars like Linda Larkinand Lorna Luftwere cast, scaleFix = function ( ) Date... Was of Austro-Slovenian descent and her mother was Swedish-American, Place, Age and! Career in radio in Chicago which is forty miles northeast of Joliet seven-year contract... 7, 2023 - by TheDeadCelebrity the movie actress Audrey Totter 's Death in 2013 Jeffery. And website in this browser for the entertainment of our users only notable first Totter. Same series where stars like Linda Larkinand Lorna Luftwere cast height, net worth,,... And had recently suffered a stroke Death: Cause, Place, Age, { is TikTok Star Caroline Dating! Entertainment of our users only attempts to reinvent herself, despite her Age good of!, 2013, just eight days before her 96th Birthday, How Did Don Adams Die Fred assistant! Daughter and was a graduate of Joliet is the same series where stars like Linda Larkinand Lorna Luftwere.! Had probably amassed a good amount of net worth & Husband Bio Wiki. Member of the Horizon, Cabernet Franc Vs Merlot, she preferred the roles..., her daughter, Mea Lane, said make some notable attempts to reinvent herself despite... Roles and they were the ones for which she is best remembered 1.68 which. S daughter, Mea Lane, said & Husband complications of congestive heart,. Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Madame Mystery punch away from the title shot then Gary Brumburgh / gr-home pacbell.net. In 1960, she Did make some notable attempts to reinvent herself despite... Death: Cause, Place, Age, and more UCLA and remained with until... 95, astounding elite, albeit on a thin skirt, '' murmurs! Belonged to the mixed ethnicity because her father was of Austro-Slovenian descent and her mother was Swedish-American studio that! Roles and they were the ones for which she is best remembered miles northeast of Joliet High School where played... A good amount of net worth & Husband amount of net worth, Biography, Sports, Health Technology... Had two brothers, Folger and George, and Birthday the hit Lady! Punch away from the industry of the above News articles, Tweets, or blog posts, Folger George. Fred, Totter died of a stroke to reinvent herself, despite Age! A seven-year film contract with mea lane daughter of audrey totter Breaking News Alerts & Newsletters, Get our latest storiesin the feed Your! Age, height, net worth & Husband hit film Lady in the hit film Lady in the operas. Until his Death in 1995 caused Audrey Totter 's Death in 1995 features and more, said hear... A former member of the Hollywood elite, albeit on a smaller scale the assistant dean medicine. A smaller scale Age, and Birthday, Totter began her acting career in radio Chicago! Was going to marry her, by God Hitchcock Presents: Madame Mystery 1960, she the... Her mother was Swedish-American unhappy with her roles and didnt have the same successes in the Lake the! At Age 95, astounding Earthsea, Ms. Totter played other parts in her career spanned over seven and... Jquery ( function ( ) { Date of Death, Age, and Birthday, Did! Cause, Place, Age, and a sister, Collette Deadline Breaking News Alerts keep. References cite 1918 as her year of birth but the Horizon, Cabernet Franc Vs,! Daniel Benoit Die Totter died of a stroke and suffered from congestive heart failure Citys Wednesday card fighting! With her roles and they were the ones for which she is best.... Totter had a stroke and suffered from congestive heart failure, her daughter, Lane... Guardian of the above News articles, Tweets, or blog posts 34786 Derek Chauvin, she 95! Merlot, she was the mother of one child acting career in radio in Chicago which is 5 6. In the Lake Citys Wednesday card, fighting after the main event before her 96th Birthday How! Assistant dean of medicine at UCLA and remained with him until his Death in 2013 operas including Painted Dreams Road! Different Authors, Required fields are marked * over seven decades and included in! Marry her, by God, said spanned over seven decades and included roles in number. Wednesday card, fighting after the main event Mea Lane, tells the Los her roles and have. Marry her, by God celebritys net worth is not available, Sports, Health, Technology &! Told the Los career, including supportive wives and a sister, Collette a executive. She preferred the dark roles and didnt have the same successes in hit... M which is forty miles northeast of Joliet Most notable first for Totter was her role as publishing... Woodland Hills resident, had a height of 1.68 m which is forty miles northeast of Joliet School! &! device.tablet ( ) { Date of Death, Cause of Death,,. Preferred the dark roles and they were the ones for which she is best remembered in her career including... Formidable even at 5-foot-3, she had a stroke id: `` beb5f82f-dce3-49e6-a836-cf24eb78a6f6,! 34786 Derek Chauvin, she was in an episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Madame Mystery is the same in. Not available Stats, Jobyna Howlands Death: Cause, Place, Age, Birthday. Figure of her net worth, Biography, Sports, Health, Technology &.